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'ignorant masses' or 'people' in general. 民,įor example, originally a picture of an eye pierced by a needle, representedĪ slave blinded by his master to keep him from escaping, but later changed to The great majority of characters are phonetic-ideographic (type 4 above). Originally referred to an ancient sacrificial vessel, but is now used To their original meanings, or to characters used erroneously. Phonetic Loans Phonetic Loans (仮借文字 kasha moji) areĬharacters borrowed to represent words phonetically without direct relation Who gives orders' to 'adminster, governor'.Ħ. Rei changed from its original meaning `command, order' to 'person Derivative Characters (転注文字 tenchū moji)Īre characters used in an extended, derived, or figurative sense. Kei 'stem, stalk' consists of 'plants' and 圣 kei 'straight',ĥ. Phonetic-Ideographic Characters (形声文字 keisei moji)Ĭonsist of one element that roughly expresses meaning (usually called the radical),Īnd another element that represents sound and often also meaning. 休 kyū 'rest' (person 人 resting under a tree 木).Ĥ. Or more elements each of which contributes to the meaning of the whole. Compound Ideographs (会意文字 kaii moji) consist of two Of abstract ideas, such as numerals and directions. Simple Ideographs (指事文字 shiji moji) suggest the meanings Hieroglyphs that are rough sketches of the things they represent. Pictographs (象形文字 shō kei moji) are simple The first four categories are based on the characterįormation process the last two are based on usage.ġ. Introduced some 1900 years ago in the Chinese classicĭictionary 説文解字 setsumon kaiji, these have played a central role Traditionally, Chinese characters are classified into six categories knownĪs 六書 rikusho. The chart below shows various forms and styles for the characters 楽 and 女. Many calligraphic styles, character forms,Īnd typeface styles have evolved over the years furthermore, the characterįorms were simplified as a result of various language reforms in China and Japan. The shapes of the characters underwent a great deal of change over the several
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Tree gives 本, which means 'root' or 'origin' and so on. 林 'woods' while three trees give 森 'forest' a line added to the bottom of a Pictographs may be combined to form new characters, especially characters thatĮxpress complex or abstract ideas. The earliest characters were pictographs, which were simple pictures of things. The table shows examples of early character forms and their modern counterparts. The characters has always been to express both meaning and sound, rather than This happened everywhere but in China, where the primary function of Used for their sound values, giving rise to the major alphabet systems of the These were in almost all cases simplified to abstract symbols that were eventually The earliest characters were simple pictures of the things they represented.Īlthough all the principal writing systems of the world began with pictures, Which means that the Chinese script first appeared almost 5000 years ago. That at that time the Chinese characters had already had a history of 1200 years, However, excavations made in China in 1986 have shown Were those found in oracle bones used in divination rites dating back to theĮighteenth century B.C.
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Until recently, it was believed that the earliest examples of Chinese characters May not be reproduced without written permission
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Kanji Dictionary Publishing Society (KDPS)īased on the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary Outline of the Japanese Writing System Outline of Japanese Writing System